Case Study: Performance Management at Intermountain Healthcare

Kuan-Chung (Bill) Wu HPM540: Professor Kamke HPM540: Case Study 3: Performance Management at Intermountain Healthcare 1. What is your evaluation of the Performance Management framework created at Intermountain Healthcare? †The Performance Management (PM) framework created by Intermountain has gotten a model for some human services associations. Intermountain’s PM framework incorporates the accompanying components: 1) Identifying six most significant execution standards, 2) Developing objectives for various gatherings inside the association, and 3) actualizing the objectives by making a motivating force pay scheme.This PM framework configuration has demonstrated to be successful in numerous point of view, going from singular staff to organization and to the association all in all. First and above all, this PM framework adjusts Intermoutain’s crucial qualities/responsibilities to its workers and their exhibitions. Their representatives and organization don't simply d iscuss their qualities, they live those qualities †resolving to best practice with quality and accountability.Secondly, this PM framework is viable in sees of valuable and helpful as improvement device and authoritative device. The framework not just permits organization to accountably structured, actualized, came to, and assessed the objectives for various gatherings in the association, yet additionally permits workers to connected and contribute authoritative objectives by building up their profession and gaining impetuses. Therefore, various gatherings in the association had the option to stay concentrated on achieving all the objectives in general team.Lastly, most representatives in Intermountain had positive and reasonable perspectives for the PM framework. For instance, workers in Intermountain communicated humiliation, instead of protests of not getting motivators, when they didn't arrive at a specific goal, even it was missed by under 1%. In conclusion, this PM framewo rk permitted organization and supervisory group at Intermountain to adequately and precisely measure worker execution, for example, utilizing adjusted scorecard and information appeared in Exhibit 8 and 12, just as the expense of giving services.The PM framework made by Intermountain has served to be a model for social insurance associations to confront future difficulties because of the Affordable Care Act just as different changes in the idea of maintaining a human services business. In conclusion, they had the option to understand the objective of selecting and holding the best workers. 2. In what ways might it be able to improve or take away from the association's key goals? †There were numerous ways this technique could improve the organization’s vital objectives.First, the significant exhibition measurements were recognized †these comprised the comprehensive view of the association system and permitted the 10,000 foot view to stream right down to each individu al staff. Everybody in the association could all think about organization’s targets and focus on accomplishing them. In addition, as depicted in a the area of Clinical Goals, this framework permitted the objectives of five elements of exhibitions to stream in a topdown style, the objectives for the Clinical Goals were created in a base up fashion.This empowered the association to have a consistent hover of execution the executives circle like Figure 10-1 in the course book, which shows a linkage from hierarchical procedures to criticisms gathered from authoritative outcomes. The manners in which that this framework would diminish organization’s vital goal is the money for actualizing these systems, as referenced in last area of the article. The clinical presentation improvement activity had brought about income losses.If Intermountain needed more money close by, this exhibition the executives framework would not work so productively. The other way that could reduce the vital target is that information could be controlled to make the exhibitions 1|Page Kuan-Chung (Bill) Wu HPM540: Professor Kamke looked well on the chart/table/figures. This is on the grounds that the motivating forces is created by acceptable information, and it is simple for these information to be controlled. 3. How are doctor motivators at Intermountain one of a kind? For what reason did they adopt an ifferent strategy to doctor execution when contrasted with different representatives? †Physician impetuses at Intermountain are one of a kind since doctors are partitioned into two gatherings (utilized and non-utilized adjusted) and motivator plans intended for each gathering have various projects. For utilized doctors, three methodologies were executed for motivating forces: 1) Peer pressure, in which open conversation where held to look at physicians’ execution, 2) Public Recognition, in which best practice was perceived at the corporate level, and 3) financial impet uses for meeting clinical standards.For non-utilized, adjusted doctors, who represents 2/3 all doctors utilizing Intermountain, the association has embraced the methodology to draw in these doctors through shared rivalry and a dependence on scholastic writing and inner information in a given clinical zone. Here we can see that there are a great deal of doctor correspondence and commitment for supporting doctors to get motivating forces, which are unexpected methodologies in comparison to different representatives, for example, chiefs and staffs who gains motivators through accomplishing individual and corporate level goals.In my conclusion, doctors have their impetuses unique in relation to simply fiscal impetuses is on the grounds that human services is a help business and doctors are the communities for giving various types of administrations to patients. By and large, doctors are the leaders who may impact the result of these administrations. In this manner, it is basic for docto rs to realize what each other is doing with straightforward and proof based correspondences so the viable administrations can be learned and executed by various physicians.Moreover, the expanded correspondence would upgrade the part of composed consideration which would help both the doctor and associations to lessen the expense of their administrations. The other explanation that various methodologies were executed for doctors may be on the grounds that they have just been winning significant levels of remuneration and need something other than what's expected than financial motivating forces, conversely with the individuals who are in human services organization. 4. By what method may this framework likewise improve the exhibition evaluation process? â€Performance examinations are utilized to evaluate an employee’s execution and give a stage to criticism about past, current, and future execution desires. In Intermountain’s execution the executives framework, there is a nonstop objective turn of events and usage, just as criticisms to the senior administration. The senior supervisory crew at that point gives proposals to the gathering that builds up the organization’s objective to ensure what the association expects for everybody. As it were, the desires, regardless of whether they are past, current, or future, are straightforward to all employees.Another perspective that I accept this framework assists with improving the presentation examination process in its employments. The course reading states that associations for the most part use execution evaluation process in two clashing manners †managerial and formative. In any case, Intermountain’s execution the executives framework appeared to determine this clashing issue by its motivator pay plot. As portrayed by Dan Zuhlke, the Vice President of Intermountain HR, the potential reward or motivating force depends on the satisfaction of the mix of individual level objectives and corporate level goals.This assists with settling the contention of employments in light of the fact that both authoritative and formative activities can be cultivated all the while under this framework. In conclusion, under the doctor motivating force framework, open conversations and distributed rivalry permitted doctors to increase useful criticism or improvement thoughts from others. The doctor motivator framework basically filled in as a virtual stage for guardians to realize what the desires are. 2|Page

Recognizing Arguments free essay sample

In the initial segment of the task we were solicited to recognize parts from contentions, reason and end, for the entries. Where material we are to feature watchwords or expressions that distinguish a case as a reason or an end. A reason is the help for the end. (Missimer, 2005) The principal model has a few premises as follows if Sue’s infant is a kid it will be named Mark and on the off chance that it is a young lady it will be named Margaret. Another reason is that Sue will have a kid or young lady. So† is a catchphrase showing the end that Sue’s infant will be named Mark or Margaret. In the following model, â€Å"because† is a catchphrase in the reason and shows that the decision has gone before and an explanation will follow. This reason is that dream books are fiction and works of fiction are on the subsequent floor. The end here is if the library has The Lord of Ring, you won’t discover it on the main floor. We will compose a custom exposition test on Perceiving Arguments or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the last model, a catchphrase can be found in a reason. In the second piece of the task we are to recognize contentions as severe or free. A free contention simply keeps up or states. The expansion of reasons recognizes an exacting contention from a free contention. In exacting contentions the case is bolstered by reasons. (Missimer, 2005) The main contention is severe as in it gives a case that the individual couldn't discover a service station and came up short on gas along these lines he was late to class. The subsequent contention is additionally exacting as it contends whether you should drink cranberry juice. The end is that you ought to on the grounds that it’s a decent wellspring of nutrient C and it keeps the kidneys sound. The third model I accept is severe however it appears as though it is free. You can surmise that your wellbeing might be influenced by the low measures of radiation discharged from phones in the wake of seeing the investigation that analysts have directed on cerebrum action. The fourth model is free on the grounds that the explanation she gives needs backing. An individual doesn’t fundamentally need a legal counselor to help with their administrative work and it's anything but a wrongdoing to request help whether you know the individual or not. Her explanation isn't substantial and she will require some evidence to have the option to remain on this case. In the last piece of the task we are approached to distinguish the contentions as inductive or deductive. A contention is supposed to be deductive if its decision is asserted to fundamentally follow the reason. An inductive contention asserts just that its decision presumably follows from its premises. That is, the inferential case is that since the premises are valid or satisfactory, the end is probably going to be valid or adequate. (Missimer, 2005) The first and second models are inductive in light of the fact that despite the fact that the premises might be valid, it is as yet feasible for the end to be bogus. They will at that point must be taken a gander at to check whether they are solid or feeble and if all premises are valid or on the off chance that at least one is bogus. We would then be able to decide whether the contention is dependable or problematic. The third model is a deductive contention in the event that we pass by the definition above. On the off chance that the premises are valid, at that point it just isnt workable for the end to be bogus. On the off chance that you have a deductive contention and you acknowledge reality of the premises, at that point you should likewise acknowledge reality of the end; on the off chance that you deny it, at that point you are denying rationale itself.

Welcoming Our New Team Members Oana, Lena, Flo and Jakob - Focus

Welcoming Our New Team Members Oana, Lena, Flo and Jakob - Focus There have been some big, exciting changes at MeisterLabs over the last couple of months, as we’ve welcomed four new team members to our Vienna office. Our new colleagues span a whole range of expertise, from front-end development to people management. With grand plans for how to grow and improve MindMeister and MeisterTask for our users, we’ve been on the lookout for new team members to help put these ideas (and their own) into action. Here’s where our wonderful new colleagues step in! Introducing Our New Team Members Oana Balaceanu Quality Assurance Hi there, I’m Oana and I joined MeisterLabs a few weeks ago as a quality assurance engineer. My background My professional journey started 5 years ago when I began working as a junior Android developer. Since then, I’ve covered roles in research, threat intelligence and quality assurance in Romania, Austria, Japan, and France. To spice it up, I’ve also volunteered in NGOs and IT communities as a graphic designer and photographer. I have a B.Sc. in Computer Science and I’m currently on my way to getting my M.Sc in Business Informatics, so as you can imagine, I’ve also become interested in the less technical aspects of IT, like innovation, organization and risk management too. My role at MeisterLabs As a quality assurance engineer at MeisterLabs, I’ll cover the manual and automated testing on all our products. This involves researching new testing tools and technologies and making sure that our testing environments and devices are up and running. I’ll also be setting up some new QA processes and ensuring communication between different departments is running smoothly. My aim is to help ensure that the MeisterLabs products are delivered fast and that our users are satisfied. Providing high quality, fast and bug-free software products is what motivates me in my job and receiving positive reviews from happy users is what drives me forward! About me When I’m not at work or university, I like to level up my photography skills, explore Vienna and its surroundings, and help my mom manage our strawberry farm back home in Romania. Lena Kowarc People Management Hello everyone, I’m Lena and I’m newly responsible for MeisterLabs’ People Management! My background I’ve had a personal dislike for the term ‘human resources’ ever since focusing on HR during my International Business Administration degree at WU Vienna. While completing my Masters in Business Communication in the Netherlands and Management (CEMS), it became even more obvious to me how important it is to truly foster team collaboration, rather than simply seeing employees as resources. During this time, I was involved in recruiting, employee development and HR change management, with companies such as Deutsche Bank and Deloitte. My role at MeisterLabs At MeisterLabs, I feel responsible for employee satisfaction. Thanks to the MeisterLabs Founders, there’s already a great basis for successful People Management. Our aims are high: growing from 30 to 50 people in the near future, while allowing for staff development and retaining a great company culture during these times of growth. What drives me in doing this is my interest in other people’s passions. What I do for MeisterLabs makes me believe that People Management can ultimately lead to personal growth for all team members, as well as amazing innovations company-wide. About me In my spare time, I’m often busy hanging out with friends and family, cooking together, trying out cool new places in Vienna or spending quality time at Neusiedlersee, a nearby lake where I spend my summer. While at university, I enjoyed exchanges to Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands and Ireland, and traveled Australia and parts of Asia, as well as Central America. I love to meet people from different countries and cultures, so this keeps me traveling the world while visiting the friends I’ve met along the way. Flo Schrödl Front-End Developer My background I’m a self-taught Graphic and Screen designer and I’ve been working as such for around 8 years now. However, I’ve always had an interest in the technical side of things too. As a result, over the past 2 or 3 years, I’ve been focusing on UI Development specifically. My role at MeisterLabs I’m a Front-end Developer, working primarily on some very exciting, upcoming changes to our online mind mapping solution, MindMeister. After working for a few years on the agency side of design and development, I’m really happy to now be working on the client side of a great product, producing and refining a solution that’s used all over the world. My favorite part of my job is working on the finishing polish of a product. These final touches, I find, make all the difference when working to provide a great user experience. About me In my free time, I work on my own little projects, be it by building useless Arduino machines, sketching characters or designing tools that help my everyday tasks. I enjoy running and swimming and I’m the newest member of the MeisterLabs Yoga Club. Jakob Krigovsky Front-End Developer My background I was interested in technology from a young age, so going into software development was an obvious step for me. After graduation, I started working as a developer at a local startup in Vienna, before joining the MeisterTask team, here at MeisterLabs. My role at MeisterLabs My main role at MeisterLabs is to advance our task management tool, MeisterTask. I’m a firm believer in annoyance-driven development, so rather than always looking for brand new features to add to a tool, I go after those mildly irritating issues that could otherwise go unfixed. My aim is to solve all of those minor annoyances, in order to make the daily experience for MeisterTask users that little bit simpler and more pleasant. About me Outside of work, I enjoy contributing to open-source projects that I believe in and traveling whenever I get the chance. If you like, you can find me on GitHub as @sonicdoe. We’re delighted to have Oana, Lena, Jakob and Flo on board! There’s still space to welcome new team members to our bustling office in the heart of Vienna. Check out our jobs page to find out which positions we’re hiring for. If you don’t see an opening that fits, please do get in touch via [emailprotected] to let us know where you see yourself on our team! Task management made simple. Discover MeisterTask Its free! Discover MeisterTask Welcoming Our New Team Members Oana, Lena, Flo and Jakob - Focus There have been some big, exciting changes at MeisterLabs over the last couple of months, as we’ve welcomed four new team members to our Vienna office. Our new colleagues span a whole range of expertise, from front-end development to people management. With grand plans for how to grow and improve MindMeister and MeisterTask for our users, we’ve been on the lookout for new team members to help put these ideas (and their own) into action. Here’s where our wonderful new colleagues step in! Introducing Our New Team Members Oana Balaceanu Quality Assurance Hi there, I’m Oana and I joined MeisterLabs a few weeks ago as a quality assurance engineer. My background My professional journey started 5 years ago when I began working as a junior Android developer. Since then, I’ve covered roles in research, threat intelligence and quality assurance in Romania, Austria, Japan, and France. To spice it up, I’ve also volunteered in NGOs and IT communities as a graphic designer and photographer. I have a B.Sc. in Computer Science and I’m currently on my way to getting my M.Sc in Business Informatics, so as you can imagine, I’ve also become interested in the less technical aspects of IT, like innovation, organization and risk management too. My role at MeisterLabs As a quality assurance engineer at MeisterLabs, I’ll cover the manual and automated testing on all our products. This involves researching new testing tools and technologies and making sure that our testing environments and devices are up and running. I’ll also be setting up some new QA processes and ensuring communication between different departments is running smoothly. My aim is to help ensure that the MeisterLabs products are delivered fast and that our users are satisfied. Providing high quality, fast and bug-free software products is what motivates me in my job and receiving positive reviews from happy users is what drives me forward! About me When I’m not at work or university, I like to level up my photography skills, explore Vienna and its surroundings, and help my mom manage our strawberry farm back home in Romania. Lena Kowarc People Management Hello everyone, I’m Lena and I’m newly responsible for MeisterLabs’ People Management! My background I’ve had a personal dislike for the term ‘human resources’ ever since focusing on HR during my International Business Administration degree at WU Vienna. While completing my Masters in Business Communication in the Netherlands and Management (CEMS), it became even more obvious to me how important it is to truly foster team collaboration, rather than simply seeing employees as resources. During this time, I was involved in recruiting, employee development and HR change management, with companies such as Deutsche Bank and Deloitte. My role at MeisterLabs At MeisterLabs, I feel responsible for employee satisfaction. Thanks to the MeisterLabs Founders, there’s already a great basis for successful People Management. Our aims are high: growing from 30 to 50 people in the near future, while allowing for staff development and retaining a great company culture during these times of growth. What drives me in doing this is my interest in other people’s passions. What I do for MeisterLabs makes me believe that People Management can ultimately lead to personal growth for all team members, as well as amazing innovations company-wide. About me In my spare time, I’m often busy hanging out with friends and family, cooking together, trying out cool new places in Vienna or spending quality time at Neusiedlersee, a nearby lake where I spend my summer. While at university, I enjoyed exchanges to Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands and Ireland, and traveled Australia and parts of Asia, as well as Central America. I love to meet people from different countries and cultures, so this keeps me traveling the world while visiting the friends I’ve met along the way. Flo Schrödl Front-End Developer My background I’m a self-taught Graphic and Screen designer and I’ve been working as such for around 8 years now. However, I’ve always had an interest in the technical side of things too. As a result, over the past 2 or 3 years, I’ve been focusing on UI Development specifically. My role at MeisterLabs I’m a Front-end Developer, working primarily on some very exciting, upcoming changes to our online mind mapping solution, MindMeister. After working for a few years on the agency side of design and development, I’m really happy to now be working on the client side of a great product, producing and refining a solution that’s used all over the world. My favorite part of my job is working on the finishing polish of a product. These final touches, I find, make all the difference when working to provide a great user experience. About me In my free time, I work on my own little projects, be it by building useless Arduino machines, sketching characters or designing tools that help my everyday tasks. I enjoy running and swimming and I’m the newest member of the MeisterLabs Yoga Club. Jakob Krigovsky Front-End Developer My background I was interested in technology from a young age, so going into software development was an obvious step for me. After graduation, I started working as a developer at a local startup in Vienna, before joining the MeisterTask team, here at MeisterLabs. My role at MeisterLabs My main role at MeisterLabs is to advance our task management tool, MeisterTask. I’m a firm believer in annoyance-driven development, so rather than always looking for brand new features to add to a tool, I go after those mildly irritating issues that could otherwise go unfixed. My aim is to solve all of those minor annoyances, in order to make the daily experience for MeisterTask users that little bit simpler and more pleasant. About me Outside of work, I enjoy contributing to open-source projects that I believe in and traveling whenever I get the chance. If you like, you can find me on GitHub as @sonicdoe. We’re delighted to have Oana, Lena, Jakob and Flo on board! There’s still space to welcome new team members to our bustling office in the heart of Vienna. Check out our jobs page to find out which positions we’re hiring for. If you don’t see an opening that fits, please do get in touch via [emailprotected] to let us know where you see yourself on our team! Task management made simple. Discover MeisterTask Its free! Discover MeisterTask

Lord Of The Flies By William Golding - 2207 Words

Lord of the Flies is a Novel by Sir William Golding and first published in 1954. It depicts the conflicts and subsequent loss of innocence of a group of young boys, who have crash landed on a deserted island in an airplane, surviving without any adult supervision. The boys were leaving their Home Counties to escape an atomic war when a stray missile shoots their plane down. The novel explores the need for political organization amid the drama between natural human instincts and learned behavior. The book is an example of a political allegory. Set right after WWII when the world was in the grip of the cold war between the â€Å"free world† of USA, UK and the western countries and the â€Å"iron curtain† USSR and its bloc of eastern European countries. Jack represents a totalitarian rule and Ralph represents democracy. In Chapter One, Golding depicts the deserted island as a place where the abandoned boys have a choice between returning to a pre-civilized state of humanit y and re-imposing social order upon the group. A group of young boys provides the players to show what a lack of a form of government does to a society and its people. Unlike the weak democracy denoted by Ralph, with the help of sound intelligence and involvement of all people (represented by Piggy) and with a healthy appreciation of the natural environment (as Simon alludes to), a strong, functional democracy is noted to eventually serve humans better and contain their brutal instincts than a totalitarian rule that byShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies By William Golding869 Words   |  4 PagesLord of the Flies Psychology Sometimes people wear fake personas like a cloak over their shoulders, used to hide what is really underneath. This harsh reality is witnessed in William Golding’s classic Lord of the Flies, a novel that is famous for not only its sickening plot, but also for the emotional breakdowns all of its characters experience. These issues are akin to those shown in certain real-world psychological experiments. A summary of Golding’s Lord of the Flies, combined with the evidenceRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1347 Words   |  6 Pages The theme of The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, is the reason society is flawed is because people are flawed. Although Piggy is knowledgeable, he has many flaws including his laziness and physical inabilities. Ralph is an authority seeker. He sets rules and laws, yet does little to enforce them. Ralph wants to be the ruler, without doing the work to enforce his laws. Jack is persistent. He is rude, harsh and violent in or der to get what he wants. He wants to be supreme. Piggy’s flaws areRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1123 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Lord of The Flies by William Golding, the characters Ralph, Piggy, and Jack represent important World War II leaders Franklin Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, and Winston Churchill. Golding, who had served in World War II, was well aware of the savagery created, and used it to base his book on. Ralph represents Franklin Roosevelt , Jack represents Adolf Hitler, and Piggy represents Winston Churchill. Ralph being of the novel’s main protagonist is important in the outcome of the story becauseRead MoreThe Lord Of The Flies By William Golding1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lord of the Flies Essay The Lord of the Flies written by William Golding and published on September 17, 1954 is a story told about a group of stranded boys and their fight for survival against the wilderness and themselves. In this story many signs of symbolism are used by Golding to point out certain aspects of society that Golding thought strongly of. This story on first read may just seem to be a survival- esque piece of literature but, on a deeper look one can find Golding’s true motiveRead MoreLord of The Flies by William Golding619 Words   |  2 PagesGovernments are no different; they fight for power just like the rest of us do. They just do it on a much bigger scale. Qualities from Oligarchy, Totalitarianism, Democracy, Dictatorship, and Anarchy governments are used in several parts of Lord of The Flies that represent different characters and different situations. An Oligarchy is a small group of people having control of a country or organization. A Totalitarianism government is a form of government that permits no individual freedom and thatRead MoreThe Lord of the Flies by William Golding1306 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Lord of the Flies, William Golding creates a microcosm that appears to be a utopia after he discharged from the British Royal Navy following World War II. After an emergency landing, Golding places a diverse group of boys on the island that soon turns out to be anything but utopia. The island the boys are on turns out to be an allegorical dystopia with inadequate conditions (Bryfonski 22). The boys reject all lessons they learned from their prior British society, and they turn towards theirRead MoreLord of the Flies by William Golding932 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing two particular themes from a novel called Lord of the Flies by William Golding. Lord of the Flies was written in 1954 after World War II. Ruler of the Flies is a purposeful anecdote about something that many readers can’t really describe. Individuals cant choose precisely what. Its either about the inalienable underhanded of man, or mental battle, or religion, or personal inclination, or the creators emotions on war; however William Golding was in the Navy throughout World War II, or perhapsRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1383 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Lord of the Flies is still a Blueprint for Savagery by Eleanor Learmonth and Jenny Tabakoff, the words â€Å"I’m afraid. Of us† first appeared in Golding’s novel 60 years ago. Lord of the Flies by William Golding follows a group of schoolboys trapped on an island after a plane crash during a world war. At the beginning, they celebrate as the y have total autonomy as there are no adults around. They attempt to establish a civilization but when order collapses, they go on a journey from civilizationRead MoreLord of the Flies, by William Golding1055 Words   |  5 Pages In William Goldings Lord of the Flies a group of English school boys crash land onto an uninhabited island somewhere in the Mid Atlantic ocean. Ralph, the protagonist and also the elected leader, tries to maintain peace and avoid any calamity on the island. However, Jack is neither willing to contribute nor listen because he is jealous of Ralph and has a sickening obsession with killing boars. Ralph has some good traits that help him maintain peace and balance for a period of time. He is charismaticRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pages Outline Introduction Short intro for Lord of the Flies Short intro on Gangs The bullying and group mentality demonstrated in gangs has resemblances to the characters in Lord of the Flies. II. Bullying/Group mentality Gangs Drugs/Loyalty B. Lord of the flies Jack kills the pig/Jack and Ralph fight III. Effects B. Lord of the flies Jack killing the pig aftermath Violence IV. Conclusion Gangs are considered a group of people that have a common link together

Key Pieces of Film Studies Essay Topics

Key Pieces of Film Studies Essay Topics Film Studies Essay Topics Explained One of the greatest approaches to select your topic is to find one which you get a strong opinion about. Your specific ideas and opinions in the paper has to be supported with arguments. Last word of advice is to seek advice from your teacher before the last decision about this issue selection for argumentative essays. You will have to back up your viewpoint with well-researched facts and data also. The Key to Successful Film Studies Essay Topics The difference is in the intellectual capabilities connected with the age of students, and their levels of exposure. In the modern society, gender means a whole lot more than it used to. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. Discover how studies utilize a complicated research library. Whispered Film Studies Essay Topics Secrets Like the custom of oncology nursing, it's an emotionally in add ition to professionally demanding experience. The student may give the particulars of the topics to the firm. So should you need help with any writing task, don't hesitate to get in touch with our expert services. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. By way of example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. A review of each major point and concluding thoughts utilizing a rate system, dependent on numbers, will certainly help your film studies paper stick out. The character of the issue selected is important in picking the correct strategy. You might think about history for a branch of study that falls away from the realm of social studies. The distinctive writing assignment suggests that you've studied a variety of films, technical facets, and theories. In reality, a film studies writing assignment provides the chance for an assortment of thoughts and topics. The reality is that a film study writing assignment provides the chance for assorted thoughts and themes. Specifically, you're going to be expected to take thorough notes to analyse the exceptional manners of filming, together with videography. Academic Sciences writers can direct you on each step of the procedure to make certain that you understand how to compose a film studies essay. Most students enjoy watching movies for a number of unique factors. Creating a preliminary structure for the essay before you've finished collecting information is the most helpful. Showing awareness about recent changes in this issue you're writing on is very important to win an excellent grade. You will have to figure out the kind of essay you're going to be writing and which of the aforementioned analytical elements you will include. Apart from that, it also needs to be known that essay is only a wide category and within this, there are several kinds of essays and every one of them have another type of pattern. The very best argumentative essay writing service on the net is an organization that supplies good quality and very affordable help on argumentative essay and argumentative essay topics. Argumentative essay topics cover a w ide selection of subjects, and can be quite persuasive if an excellent essay represents them. Occasionally, selecting an excellent argumentative essay topics will be quite tough. There are several interesting and challenging Shakespeare essay topics to pick from. Therefore, either you wish to learn more about how to compose an essay, or you desire some essay writing services or even in the event that you would like to go through some sample essays, then just refer to WritingBest and all of your requirements will be fulfilled once possible. Both principal kinds are the crucial essay and the theoretical essay. Choosing great essay topics for middle school must be a careful procedure, where a balance must be struck between topics that could be too simplistic, more proper for the main school, and choosing argumentative essay topics that can be too complicated or controversial. Following are a few of the advised sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to decide on a great topic for their assignment.

Ethan Frome Lit Crit Free Essays

Marxism is mainly about money and If you don’t have money then your not happy and you will be unhappy because you wont have as much as you would like. The narrator needed a ride to his work and he couldn’t find anyone someone told him about Ethan, that he will do anything to make a buck. The narrator asked Ethan and he ended up saying yes because he needed the money. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethan Frome Lit Crit or any similar topic only for you Order Now When Ethan came back from law school, for good, his mother hired Keenan to take care of her but then people started talking and he felt obligated to marry Keenan In the end. When Ethane’s mother died she was worried about money ND what Ethane’s dad had done. Ethan worked In his lumber limb that he had and did anything to get a few bucks here and there. Since Keenan â€Å"always† got sick, since Ethane’s mother died, she would spend most of their money to pay for her medical bills and medication. Instead of paying a maid to come and work for them Keenan was able to get Mattie to help her for free because Mattie didn’t have anyone after her parents died except her cousin Keenan. The first time Ethan picked up Mattie to him It felt like love at first sight when they first met her. Even though It was love at iris sight he TLD realize that It was going to be another person to feed even with the little money he was making from the lumber limb. Financially he had to make a way to provide to feed an extra person. Ever since Ethan met Mattie and when they would hang out he felt less stress about money. He kept wanting to leave with Mattie but never could because he couldn’t leave Keenan just like that. He was afraid of what people might look at it. If Ethan was able to leave Keenan Just like the man who left his wife for his mistress he would. As much as he wanted to do so he felt bad to leave ere after all he did bring her to the house and now he’s Just going to leave her with a house with bills that she couldn’t afford to pay and she wouldn’t able to sell it. The economy was down in town and people weren’t able to pay for or buy a house. The economy was down to a point where people were barely making it. Jobs were being lost. Some people couldn’t afford a lot of food because they needed to have a house. This relates to Ethan From because Ethan was one of those people who couldn’t make a lot of money. Ethan had trouble getting Just a little extra cash on the side Just o afford something for themselves. Ethan From Is a good example of Marxism because it shows that people of the lower class are always unhappy unless they have money with them. In this book it tells you that money is what makes people happy. If people didn’t have money they would be stressing out and have house situations. The economy is based on money. Money keeps the economy going and when it goes down everybody struggles to make a living. Ethan From showed a form AT Marxism Decease social class. Outnumber ten story people Autocue mainly on money Ana t How to cite Ethan Frome Lit Crit, Papers

Teaching Fundamental Motor Skills

The main scope of my motor observation report was to monitor the process of teaching children the basic motor skills that were necessary for playing basketball. The method that teacher employed were premised on drilling and practicing simple skills to develop them into more sophisticated. At the very beginning of the lesson, the coach told children to dribble by controlling and coordinating ball movements.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Fundamental Motor Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, children had to dribble the ball at different levels, as well overcome the barriers. In such a way, children learnt both to control ball directions and their own travelling. Concentration and coordination were also the skills that were gained through this activity because children had to distribute their attention in order not to lose the ball and balance their movements. The second exercise involved dribbl ing to the music. Children had to listen to the music and control the ball movements. In such a manner, they could learn how to stabilize or speed up the ball while listening to the rhythm. It also trained children’s ability to perform two activities on the spot. The next practice focused on training object control and stabilization by exchanging balls with partners. Hence, the task of the children was to direct the ball toward his/her partner and take control of the ball addressed to him. At the very beginning, children did not succeed in focusing on the coach’s tasks because their attention was paid on coordinating their movements so that they could both control the ball and overcome the barriers. However, further practicing allowed children to listen to the coach’s advices to improve the performance. Even though some children were not able to perform at the first time, coach constantly encouraged them. In case a mistake was made, the coach strived to explain how to correct the situation and improve skills. Children were looking at coach to find any sign of approval and disapproval of their actions. In response, the coach was trying to react to each of the children’s actions and improvements to make them sure that they were making progress. At the same time, the coach told children to concentrate on the drilling and practicing of every movement rather than on constant seeking for his approval. During the practice activities, both children were trying to follow teacher’s advice, but his remarks were effective only during the actual process of practicing, but not after the instructions had been given. Probably, most of the children gained a deeper understanding of the activity through personal experience. After ten minutes of dribbling, children start improving their skills. Children successfully react to coach’s recommendations. However, the instructor did not interfere with the process frequently for children to real ize their mistakes, or just get pleasure from the activities. Such an approach was efficient because it did not impose significant pressure on them because motor skills were still trained.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With regard to the observational experience, it should be stressed that children can successfully develop such motor skills as object control, stabilizing, and balance through performing simple practices such dribbling, bouncing the ball to the beat, and throwing balls to each other. While practicing, children paid attention to the instructor’s comments to make sure that they were performing the activities in the right way. Thus, they have successfully managed to develop motor behavior that can help them play basketball. This essay on Teaching Fundamental Motor Skills was written and submitted by user Terrance R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Debco Corporation Contract with TMI †Business 100 Essay

Debco Corporation Contract with TMI – Business 100 Essay Free Online Research Papers Debco Corporation Contract with TMI Business 100 Essay Debco’s first claim, that its October 25 correspondence prevented the formation of a contract between Debco and TMI, is incorrect. Under the Sales Article of the UCC, a firm offer cannot be revoked for a specified time of up to 3 months, regardless of a lack of consideration. A firm offer must be made by a merchant in a signed writing. In this case, Debco’s October 12 order was a firm offer because Debco, who made the offer, was a merchant and the order was in a signed writing. Therefore, Debco’s October 25 correspondence to revoke the offer was ineffective. Debco’s second claim, that TMI’s October 31 corresponence was not an effective acceptance because it was not received by Debco until November 3, is incorrect. Generally, acceptance is effective when sent, unless offer specifies it is effective when received offer indicates date by which it must be received acceptance is sent by unauthorized means acceptance is sent by means not equal to or better than that used to communicate the offer. In this case, Debco’s offer didn’t indicate date by which it must be received, and TMI’s acceptance was sent by mail, the same means that used to communicate the offer. Therefore, TMI’s acceptance was effective when mailed on October 31. Debco’s third claim, that TMI’s October 31 correspondence was not an effective acceptance because it added payment terms to Debco’s purchase order, is incorrect. Under the Sales Article of the UCC, acceptance of a sale contract does not have to mirror the offer. Therefore, TMI’s October 31 acceptance was effective even though it added payment terms. Research Papers on Debco Corporation Contract with TMI - Business 100 EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoWhere Wild and West MeetQuebec and CanadaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThree Concepts of PsychodynamicAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Twilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThe Project Managment Office System

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Quotes

'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' Quotes Mark Twains novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), is the famous tale of Huckleberry Finn, who journeys down the Mississippi River with an escaped slave, Jim. The wit and wisdom of Mark Twain shines through in this novel. Here are a few famous quotations from the novel: There was things which he stretched, but mainly he told the truth. The average man dont like trouble and danger. The pitifulest thing out is a mob; thats what an army isa mob; they dont fight with courage thats born in them, but with courage thats borrowed from their mass, and from their officers. But a mob without any MAN at the head of it is BENEATH pitifulness. Music is a good thing; and after all that soul-butter and hogwash I never see it freshen up things so, and sound so honest and bully. All I say is, kings is kings, and you got to make allowances. Take them all around, theyre a mighty ornery lot. Its the way theyre raised. Its lovely to live on a raft. We had the sky up there, all speckled with stars, and we used to lay on our backs and look up at them, and discuss about whether they was made or only just happened. We said there warnt no home like a raft, after all. Other places do seem so cramped up and smothery, but a raft dont. You feel mighty free and easy and comfortable on a raft. Pray for me! I reckoned if she knowed me shed take a job that was more nearer her size. But I bet she done it, just the sameshe was just that kind. She had the grit to pray for Judus if she took the notionthere warnt no back-down to her, I judge. I haint ever seen her since that time that I see her go out of that door; no, I haint ever seen her since, but I reckon Ive thought of her a many and a many a million times, and of her saying she would pray for me; and if ever Id a thought it would do any good for me to pray for HER, blamed if I wouldnt a done it or bust. Then away out in the woods I heard that kind of a sound that a ghost makes when it wants to tell about something thats on its mind and cant make itself understood, and so cant rest easy in its grave, and has to go about that way every night grieving.

The Role of Central Bank of Saudi Arabia in the Global Crisis Dissertation

The Role of Central Bank of Saudi Arabia in the Global Crisis - Dissertation Example The experience of the banking system of Saudi Arabia during the global financial crisis which ravaged the financial markets globally since mid-2007 is required to be answered. While many economies around the globe were negatively and severely affected, especially developed countries, during the crisis in 2008 and 2009 but the Saudi economy has shown resilience and strong growth of the economy. The experience of Saudi Arabia in respect of domestic financial intermediation and international banking was relatively positive during this tough time. Though being affected moderately by the deteriorating conditions of global financial markets, the domestic financial market of Saudi Arabia continuously functioned in an efficient and effective manner. The Central Bank of Saudi Arabia has played a vital role in keeping the strength of the economy during the crisis period. So, the hypothesis to be tested is the measure taken by the Central Bank of Saudi Arabia to maintain sound economic growth d uring the crisis period also.Economic developments of Saudi Arabia during 2008 and 2009 During the five year period 2004-08, the economy of Saudi Arabia fared well by international standards reflecting 4.4% growth rate in real GDP and 19% average surplus in government fiscal. All economic sectors were propelled with this, especially the banking sector which showered great benefits. In 2008, growth in real GDP was 4.5% with 4.8% growth in the oil sector.

Nursing, current health developments to improve the risk of deep vain Essay

Nursing, current health developments to improve the risk of deep vain thrombosis for patients in hospital - Essay Example They are reliable in their field of practice and in researches related to their field of practice. The research is valid in terms of ethical processes, especially in ensuring that the research gathering process is voluntary and gained through informed consent (Hucker, 2001). The research is paid for by the authors, not by any private corporations. Hence, the validity of the results are not overshadowed by private funding (Friedman, 2004). Most of the materials used present unbiased and reliable results (Davies and Dodd, 2002). This study is significant in terms of establishing the importance of adopting and prioritizing preventive measures for DVT. Dennis, M. (2009) Effectiveness of thigh-length GCS to reduce DVT after stroke. 2518 patients Quantitative/experimental Outcome-blinded, randomised controlled trial Non-significant absolute reduction in risk of 0.5% (95% CI -1.9% to 2.9%). Skin breaks, ulcers, blisters, and skin necrosis were significantly more common in patients allocated to GCS than in those allocated to avoid their use. Results do not support use of thigh-length GCS in patients admitted to hospital with acute stroke. The author is a highly qualified expert in the field of medicine, most especially in cardiovascular medicine and in the clinical management of thrombus issues. He is reliable in his field and has carried out different researches in related studies (Williams, 2010). The research is valid in terms of the statistical processes applied, and different methodology applied (Strauss and Corbin, 1990). The research has been paid for by the author, not by any private corporation. The analysis and data results are based on thorough analysis of results (Glesne and Peshkin, 1992). No logical fallacies are seen from the author’s conclusions (Ethridge, 2004). This study is significant because it reviews the use of which length GC stockings in patients at risk for DVT Falanga, A (2005) To review the clinical significance of VTE in patients wit h cancer and the strategies for management of VTE in these patients, including the potential role of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs). 49 studies Quantitative Clinical review The use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) therapy instead of VKAs may be beneficial in patients. This agent offers an effective alternative to VKAs in the long-term management of VTE, that is free from the practical problems associated with the use of VKAs and without increasing the risk of bleeding. Alternative means of managing DVT among cancer patients present with advantages which assist in their long-term care. These alternatives must be considered for patients. The author is also a highly qualified expert in the field of medicine, specifically in oncology and cardiovascular diseases. She has published several studies in cardiovascular diseases and in cancer management. She is highly respected in her field and has published numerous researches on cancer management, including thrombus management. This makes her a highly reliable author (Williams, 2010). The methods applied truly measure what they intend to measure (Joppe, 2000). The authors in the reviewed studies outline some of their methodology which is within ethical parameters of reliability and

Stability Testing of Nifedeipine

Stability Testing of Nifedeipine Syed Masood Hassan Akbari Practical 2 Stability study of Nifedipine INTRODUCTION Nifedipine is considered as a prototype compound of the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel antagonists. Nifedipine is a selective arterial dilator, and also is used in the treatment of hypertension, angina and cardiovascular disorders. The drawback associated with nifedipine is that it can undergo photo degradation thus escalating in loss of pharmacological activity. This process involves the reduction of the aromatic nitro group to nitroso group or the oxidation of the dihydropyridine ring to a pyridine ring. Nifedipine synthesizers make use of light resistant coating to reduce their photo degradation. It has been found out that due to poor storage conditions the clinical efficacy of nifedipine can drop drastically. In order to fix this a selection of ingredients within the dosage form can be altered or enhanced in order to minimise photosensitivity. Ion-exchange beads are solid and suitably are high molecular weight polyelectrolytes that can easily exchange their mobile ions of equal charge with neighbouring medium reversibly. The ion-exchange bead can form a complex with nifedipine and its utility used to embrace drug in light natures. Instability of the drug product may lead to a reduction in the bioavailability of the drug. It is also highly important that the patients do receive their uniform does of the drug throughout the whole of the shelf life of the product. This experiment goes through the photodecomposition kinetics of nifedipine at zero-order when the reaction commences. As the reaction proceeds further to 50% the kinetics of the reaction changes to first-order. Figure 1: Represents nifedipine degradation at the two different wavelengths shown above. This experiment consisted of 3 main components: Determining the stability of nifedipine using HPLC at various time intervals. Estimating the half-life for the disappearing drug. Examining the relative stability of the drug as powder and in solution. EXPERIMENTAL For HPLC 20mg of nifedipine was weighed out and placed in a 100ml volumetric flask using the mobile phase to top up the flask. The resulting solutions colouration was noted and transferred to a beaker and covered with paraffin. A small insertion was made to take up 2ml of the solution into an injection using a 0.2 µm filter. The time was noted and the sample was loaded and run immediately and the beaker was covered with paraffin and placed on a ledge where sunlight was present and after every 15 min intervals the sample was injected into the apparatus and it was run. After each run was carried out the peak area for each of the runs were recorded. For stability in solid form 100mg of the solid sample of nifedipine was weighed out in a weighing boat and spread out evenly and placed on a window ledge with proper Irish sunlight for a duration of 2 hours. The appearance was noted before and after the time lapsed. The solid sample was then homogenised and 20mg was taken and placed in a 100ml volumetric flask and made up to the mark with the mobile phase. Straight away 2ml solution was taken and placed on a 0.2 µm filter and was ready for injection. The peak area of the solid sample was recorded in the report. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS Determination of the stability of nifedipine solid and liquid samples with sunlight. Table 1: Shows the nifedipine run time with 15 minute intervals, the solid form and a UV sample. The illustrations below show the HPLC peaks at various time intervals with their retention times, peak area and heights. Figure 2: Depicts nifedipine at T0. Figure 3: Depicts nifedipine at T20. Figure 4: Depicts nifedipine at T35. Figure 5: Depicts nifedipine at T50. Figure 6: Depicts nifedipine at T65. Figure 7: Depicts nifedipine at T80. Figure 8: Depicts nifedipine at T95. Figure 9: Represents the peak area plotted against time of nifedipine degradation taken at 15 minute intervals. After carrying out the experiment it can be said looking at the data that the reaction kinetics are of zero order at least from T0-T80. At T95 it is seen that the peak gets a bit broad it can show that a new peak is starting to form, it the experiment had continued for at least 45 minutes more then it could have been the start of the first order reaction kinetics. Therefore it can be deduced that according to the data attained the reaction kinetics are still at zero order during data acquisition. From the graph using the equation: y = a + bx b = slope = -12046.1 +/- 841.833 The half-life of nifedipine was found using the equation: As we were dealing with zero order kinetics so, r = k Using, t1/2 = In(2)/k t1/2 = 0.693/0.988 t1/2 = 0.701 According to the data gathered it is seen that the solid sample of nifedipine resembles to the first T0 liquid sample. By this observation a person can say that the solid state sample did not show any signs of degradation after the 2 hour window. The colour of the liquid samples were changing from yellow at T0 to faint yellow at T80. On the other hand for the solid sample from the light yellow powder after the 2 hour window a layer of dark yellow powder was seen and the powder was mixed around and it was seen the underlying solid particles still retained the same colour of light yellow. According to the UV data at T0 and Ɔºmax of 334 it generated an absorbance of 0.604. Whereas for the T100 with a Ɔºmax of 279 generated an absorbance of 1.064. QUESTIONS Comment on the relative photostability of solid and solution nifedipine in daylight. The solid sample of nifedipine after being expose to 2 hours of Irish sunlight visual observation showed a darker colour change from light yellow to a darker but when the powder was mixed the underlying layer was of the same light colouration as it started with. And after the 2 hours window the HPLC result showed no degradation at all. This could be due to the practical being carried out in doors and the lack of the photons getting to the solid sample. On the other hand in the liquid sample things were not much better from a yellow solution starting at T0 – T80 there was no colour change but after performing the next HPLC the colour had gone faint yellow. If the apparatus would have been given 45 minute more the results attained would be of first order kinetics. As it stands it is zero order kinetics. What type of reaction is the nifedipine decomposition? Reduction What other decomposition reactions do you think nifedipine might undergo? Oxidation What are the implications of your observations for the proper handling and storage of nifedipine? Manufacturers of nifedipine products use light resistant coating or packing to minimize their photodegradation. Long term exposure to sunlight or artificial light may also occur if nifedipine formulations are inappropriately stored by patients. Poor storage conditions may potentially decrease clinical efficacy of nifedipine. What validation do you think might be important in the type of analysis you performed today? â€Å"Validation of an analytical method is the process that establishes by laboratory studies, that the performance characteristics of the method meet the requirements for the intended analytical applications.† The typical analytical characteristics used in method validation vary but the relevant one for this experiment is stability, system suitability and system sensitivity. â€Å"Prepared sample/ standard stability is defined as the ability of the analyte to remain stable in the diluent at the test concentration specified in the analytical method.† System suitability testing is an integral part of many analytical procedures. The tests are based on the concept that the samples to be analysed constitute an integral system that can be evaluated as such. System suitability is determined by various methods. Any one or a combination of the following may be written into the method as necessary for using the method for routine post validation: Resolution ensures that closely eluting compounds are resolved from each other and establishes the resolving power of the system. It contains as close as is possible to a complete sample matrix. Finally capacity factor is a measure of the time the solute spends in the stationary phase relative to the time it spends in the mobile phase.

Micah

How does the life and ministry of Jesus reflect the words of this verse from Micah? Christians believe that Jesus Christ was a man who lived about 2,000 years ago in Palestine and that he was the Son of God. By his death and Resurrection, Christians believe Jesus saved people from their sins. They try to follow Jesus’ example in their daily lives and use his teachings as a guide to how God wishes them to live. In Micah chapter 6 verse 8 stated that â€Å"he has showed you, o man, what is good. And what does the Lord require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God.† This would mean that God requires us to do things justly and treat others without partiality; thus, loving other people regardless of his race, background and weaknesses and be sober in spirit. In addition, this verse talks about the very nature of Jesus Christ. We learn that Jesus Christ is the son of God who is full of compassion and believes as the author of perfect love. He comes to the world in obedience and love to the father in order to show his great love to everyone that while we are still sinners Jesus Christ die for us. Jesus Christ knows that our final destination is on hell because our impurities separate us from God. But because of his love, he does an amazing decision that will help us to be in heaven. Jesus Christ has been compassionate to those who are poor (especially to those who are spiritually blind and gone astray). His ultimate expression of love is when he obeys God the father to lay down his life for the benefit of everyone in spite of the fact that he is not guilty of sin. Jesus Christ doesn’t deserve the death that he is been through but he sacrifices himself in exchange for the salvation of the mankind; thus, he has never been selfish and never withholds his life because of his great love for his people. He doesn’t want to see everyone perish but come into repentance. He wants everyone to have an access to God the father through his death and resurrection. It is been written in the Bible that without the remission of blood there is no forgiveness so once and for all, Jesus Christ die for us so that we can receive forgiveness through his name and to end our sacrificial offering when we sin. Jesus Christ becomes our sacrificial lamb and his precious blood cleanses us as we ask forgiveness from him. He has done everything because of his great love for us. Moreover, Jesus Christ is a just individual. He does not condemn people who sin or commit mistakes but he listens heartily and forgives them if the individual confesses his sins. Just like the Samaritan woman who has many husbands. The woman is guilty of sin because she commits adultery. When Jesus meets her on the well, he never rejects her but is able to talk to the woman and asks for a drink. The woman tries to make alibis but Jesus talks to her in a sober manner. He even asks her about her husband and the woman is convicted of her sin so she replies that she has many husbands. Jesus already learns about it because he is an all-knowing God but despite of that, Jesus never judge the woman but instead tell her to go to her husband and sin no more. The woman feels such joy because that is the first time she has not been condemned by a Jew and most especially a Savior has forgiven her sin. Although Jesus Christ is 100% God and 100 % man and owns the riches that we can never think of yet he walks humbly with his people. He never brags his riches. He comes to the world to serve and not to be served. He walks with different kinds of people; may it be rich or poor. Jesus Christ even associates with out cast people who are suffering from leprosy. Many officials especially the Pharisees question his motives yet they cannot find any fault on him because they know that Jesus Christ has perfectly obeyed the word of God. Many scholars try to scrutinize the authenticity of divinity of Jesus Christ. This is not new anymore because even during the time of Jesus, there were people who â€Å"doubt† his identity especially the Pharisees because they were threatened by his presence. For other religions, they consider Jesus as prophet and not a God. But of all the prophets that we have on the face of the earth, only the name of Jesus Christ that was ever recorded in the history that he himself raised from the dead and through his name, an individual can cast out demons. Isn’t that amazing?   

The Functions of Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2640 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Did you like this example? Functions of Law Table of Contents The Law Concept of Functions of Law Kinds of Law to Carry Different Functions Advantages of Law Functions of Law in different perspectives Contract law Functions of Contracts Indemnity Contract Indemnity Holder Guarantee Bailment Agency Bibliography Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Functions of Law" essay for you Create order The Law The law defines the principles people live in a society. Through which we have balance in not only our society but also in our lives. Law gives the indication of what is right by making that act legal and what is wrong by making it illegal. By committing illegal acts the specific individual will be subject to the negative consequences depending upon the nature of the illegal act committed and these consequences will also be subject to time. (Clark, 1942) Hence law determines the prescribed parameters within which the humans should lead their lives. These laws may vary from country to country, region to region, state to state and area to area. Maintaining law and order is mandatory is a society to be functional and to inculcate fear into the hearts of those who commit illegal acts and they would certainly think before taking any step of being caught and facing the consequences in a strongly law abiding society or else there would had been no stable economy. Above displayed pictur es resemble the people suffering from an outlawed society that they are being deprived of their rights of for example integrity, future, security, freedom, liberty and independence. The extreme left picture demonstrates the people of Philippines being outraged at the democracy their country that it is corrupt and depriving them of their rights hence as a result they are holding a Law is of interest to all persons, not just to lawyers. Those entering the world of business will find themselves subject to numerous laws and government regulations. A basic knowledge of these laws and regulations is beneficial if not essential to anyone contemplating a successful career in the business world of today. A universal and uniform definition is difficult. The evolution of society is a dynamic nature and hence the difficulty in accepting a definition by all. One reason in defining law is the different types of purpose sought to be achieved: HORSE to a zoologist, a traveller, polo player, for som e article of food etc. There have been and will continue to be different definitions of law: ARSTOTLE (384-322 B.C.) a pledge that citizens of a state will do justice to one anotherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ PLATO (427-347 B.C.) believed that law was a form of social control. SIR WILLIAM BLACKSTONE (1723-1780) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"A rule of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a state, commanding what is right, and prohibiting what is wrongà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Generally and the most commonly accepted definition is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A rule of action to which men are obliged to make their conduct comfortableà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Law is the command of the sovereign. It imposes a duty and is backed by a sanction. Command, duty and sanction are three elements of lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . All these statements can be considered as definitions of law but they vary and all are based on: law consists of enforceable rules governing relationships among individuals and between individuals and their society. Concept of Functions of Law The concept regarding the functions of law holds a major importance. The nature of law and the disciplines associated with law are explained by it and are interpreted and applied correctly and also pinpoint the interaction of law with social institutions and norms. This helps determine which general principles correspond to which law and should either deviate or conform, and to explain the law within the normative philosophy. There are different kinds of laws and each law has its own functions some of which may involve similar objectives but all having the primary goal of equity and fairness. The four functions of law involves preventing socially undesirable behavior and also securing desirable behavior which is performed in criminal torts and law; the provision f facilities for privately enabled arrangements between individual parties, which is found in private, tort and criminal law; the provision of services and also the redistribution of goods found in legal systems; and settli ng unregulated disputes found in tribunals and courts. It also handles the indirect and secondary of the law. Secondary functions of the law include determining of the processes for changing the regulation and the law for the operation of law-applying organs. The law serves the primary functions of keeping peace, enforcing and influencing the conduct standards, the facilitation of the systematic change, also the facilitation of planning and the comprehension of the sensible expectations, the promotion of social justice, the maintaining of status quo in some aspects of the society, and lastly, providing a mechanism for compensation solutions between polar principles and positions. Object of law is to maintain law and order in the country that is police functions. Anoter view à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"limit natural libertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢; man is born free but is in chains everywhere.. The Hindu view, purpose of law is the welfare of the people in the world and also salvation after death. M uslim: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the end of law is to promote the welfare of man both individually and socially, not merely in respect of life on this earth but also life hereafter. Kinds of Law to Carry Different Functions Moral or Natural law deals with the universal rules of governance, principles of natural justice and also the divine law. Conventional law deals with the rules or regulations of voluntary organizations for example associations, clubs etc. The customary law deals with the customs, practices, traditions with historical sanction and support for example Jirga. Technical law is used in the matters of efficient conduct of business for example building laws, and laws of health. The imperative law is imposed upon men by some authority. Emphasis is put on the will and physical force of the organized political community in the imperative law. Then the laws of science and gravity are also determined. International law is the sum of laws and rules recognized by civilized in their dealings with each other. Then is finally the civil law which is the municipal law which is the domestic law of the state. Civil law has two branches. One is the common law, a branch which consists of non-criminal law. Then is the legal system or the Continental law, any of various codes or systems of the law which historically derive from Roman law. The Civil law (area) is a branch of Continental law which serves as the general part of the private law. Advantages of Law Law creates uniformity and certainty to the administration of justice. It avoids the dangers of arbitrary, biases and dishonest decisions. It establishes fixed principles to protect the administration of justice from the errors of individual judgment and laws are also more reliable than whims, wishes and desires. Laws are the only constitutional weapon to resolve disputes among individuals and parties. (Fletcher, 2000) Functions of Law in different perspectives The law is based on what is morally correct and ethical. In the historical perspective the law consists of social traditions and customs. In the Analytical perspective it is shaped by logic. In the sociological perspective it is provides a way to advance certain goals in the best interests of society. It is the set of rules created and enforced by the governing party. According to the Critical Legal Studies legal rules are unnecessary and legal disputes should be solved by using rules based on fairness. In the Economics perspective promoting the market efficiency should be the key concern of the law. (Lexiz, 2001) Contract law Keeping promises is important to a stable society. Contract law deals with, among other types of law, contract law reflects social values, interests, and expectations at a given point in time for example what kind of promises should be legally binding, what excuses are accepted for breaking promises, legally void or invalid. (Hall, 1960) Functions of Contracts No aspect of life is entirely free of contractual relationships. By this we mean for example the marriages, inheritance of assets, employment and the entire life around us is in one way or the other linked to some sort of contracts. Contract law is designed to provide stability for both buyers and sellers which means that neither the seller nor the buyer is able to take undue advantage at the expense of the other and there is proper legal proceeding in case if such a situation is created. Hence there should be equitable and fair trade between the parties or else the law will take care of it. Law is also followed in business agreements to avoid potential future problems for example in the case of giving out jobs the new recruit should be aware of the complete job description and what is be to expected to them and the employer should be aware of potential of the individual they are recruiting. Likewise in the case of carrying out business the business should be conducted by fair mean s and legally. There should be no theft, fraud or any sort of illegal activity involved in carrying out the business. (LaFave, 2000) Whether it is personal, corporate, or societal, laws are created to protect the interests of the common people. According to the textbook, Business Law: The Ethical, Global, and E-commerce Environment, 13th Edition, the most important functions of law include the following: The Peacekeeping Checking of the government power so that if reasonable expectations can realized Facilitation of expectations so that if reasonable expectations can be realized Economic growth promotion through the free competition Social justice promotion Environmental protection These functions of law protect the interests of individuals and businesses through a system of rules, enforced by governing bodies. These systems of laws include: Constitutional International Administrative Property Contract Tort Trust Criminal The roles and functions of law provide guidelines and rules for everything an individual can encounter, both professionally and socially. At the same time it also provides the individual with means with which to protect their own self or challenge the injustice. In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world which is seemingly shrinking in size because of the continuously growing populations, without the existence of these regulations and rules the economy would experience a massive rise in the criminal actions as well as also increased atrocities. As the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"common sense makes good lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, dishonest people and the criminals do not certainly have common sense, and it is left to the governing bodies to defend not only the innocents from the criminals, but also to protect the criminal from themselves. (Boyce, 1982) Indemnity Contract Contracts also serve the function of indemnity which is an undertaking to make good monetary or other loss or damage. By which one party promises to save the other from loss caused to him by the conduct of the promisor himself, or by the conduct of any other person for example (John) contracts to indemnify (Ben) against the consequences of any proceeding which (Alison) may take against (Ben) in respect of a certain amount. (Reference.com, 2007) The person in this case (John) who gives the indemnity is called the indemnifier and the person (Ben) for whose protection it is given is called the indemnity-holder or indemnified. Scope of indemnity is restricted to those cases where there is a promise to indemnify against loss, caused by the (John) promisor himself or (Ben) by any other person. This excludes loss from accidents like fire etc. Promise of indemnity may be expressed or implied. (Gross, 1979) Indemnity Holder The person to whom the indemnity is given that is the promise acting within the scope of his authority. His rights: include entitled to claim all damages which he may have been compelled to pay. Also recover all cost reasonably covered in resisting, reducing, or ascertaining the claim. Moreover the rights also include the right to compromise a claim on best term he can and then bring an action on the contract of indemnity. (Roles And Functions Of Law In Business And Society, 2014) Guarantee Guarantee is a promise to be answerable for the debt, default or miscarriage of another. Contract of Guarantee: to perform the promise, or discharge the liability of a third person in case of his default. When a third person promises to pay debt owed by another in the event the debtor does not pay a guarantee relationship is created. Surety: Person who gives the guarantee. Principal Debtor: Person in respect of whose default the guarantee is given. Creditor: Person to whom the guarantee is given. For example John takes a loan from Ben when Alison guaranteed repayment of the loan. John is the principal debtor, Ben the creditor and Alison the surety. The function of a contract of guarantee is to enable a person to get a loan, or goods on credit or an employment. Mutual assents are an essential element of a contract of guarantee. It is not a unilateral contract. There must be an offer and acceptance. Bailment Another function of Contract is to act as Bailment. Bailment from bailer (French) meaning to deliver. Signifying a contract resulting from delivery. Bailment implies a sort of relationship in which the personal property of one person temporarily goes into the possession of another, The ownership of the articles or goods is in one person and the possession in another for example leaving a car for repair, cloth to a batailor, parcel to TCS, goods in a cold store. The delivery of goods by one person the bailor to another the bailee for some purpose, upon a contract that they shall, when purpose is accomplished, be returned or otherwise disposed of according to the direction of the person delivering it. It is formed by the delivery of personal property, without transfer of title by the bailor to the bailee usually under an agreement. Obligations and duties arise from the bailment relationship. (Mallor, 2004) Agency Since it is possible not possible for every person to do everything by itself, he allows the person to be represented in the performance of personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s legal acts by another and gives acts done by such representative the same effect as they would have done it by self. One of the most common, important and pervasive legal relationship is that of the agency; relationship between agent who agrees to represent or act for the other principal. The principal has the right to control the agentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s conduct in matters entrusted to the agent, and the agent must exercise its powers for the benefit of the principal only. The principal, by using agents, can conduct multiple business operations simultaneously in various locations for example corporate officer. (Bushman, 2007) Bibliography Roles And Functions Of Law In Business And Society. (2014). Retrieved from 123HelpMe.com: https://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=167183 Boyce, R. M. (1982). Criminal Law. A sophisticated analysis of the purpose, definition, and classification of criminal la and development of the common law, 1-46. Bushman, M. (2007). The Role and Functions of Law in Business and Society. Retrieved from https://www.associatedcontent.com/article/139783/the_role_and_functions_of_law_in_business.html Clark, C. E. (1942). Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository, 14. Fletcher, G. (2000). Rethinking Criminal Law. A challenging discussion of the history and philosophy of criminal law. Gross, H. (1979). A theory of criminal law. A highly sophisticated discussion of the philosophical basis of criminal law. Hall, J. (1960). A detailed discussion of the theory of criminal law and the basic elements of a crime. General Principles of Criminal Law, 1-359. LaFave, W. (2000). Criminal Law. A comprehensive purpose, classification, and common law foundation of criminal law, 1-198. Lexiz. (2001). A good introduction to the nature of criminal law and to the common law and statutes. Understanding Criminal Law, 1-32. Mallor, J. B. (2004). Business Law: The Ethical, Global, and E-commerce Environment, 13th Edition. University of Phoenix Resource. . Reference.com. (2007). Retrieved from https://www.reference.com/search?q=law

Sc300-Unit 6 Assignment Essay - 1131 Words

Unit 6 Assignment SC300: Big Ideas in Science September 30, 2012 Unit 6 Assignment The two meals that I have chosen are breakfast and dinner. We will discuss breakfast first. This morning I had two fried eggs with salt and pepper, a piece of toast with blackberry jam, and a diet coke. The origins of the Kroger brand eggs and the Kroger brand black pepper were from Cincinnati, OH, the Morton’s kosher salt is from Chicago, IL, the Nature’s Own bread was from Thomasville, GA, the Kauffman’s blackberry jam was from Montezuma, GA, and the Diet Coke was from Atlanta, GA. For dinner I made Purdue chicken breast with salt and pepper, Kroger brand name frozen green beans and roasted potatoes. The origins of the Purdue chicken came†¦show more content†¦The eggs are then sent through a candling process that inspects the interior for cracks and quality. This is when the eggs receive their grade. The grades are classified as AA, A, or B. The eggs are then sorted and packaged according to size. The eggs are then shipped and within approximately three days they reach the store. When comes to vegetable they seem to be processed all the same way. The vegetables then are harvested by machinery operated by farmers in the field. Each type of vegetable is harvested by different machinery. Most of the time after they are harvest they go through a washing process and stored properly. When it comes to frozen vegetables they go through a flash freezer that freezes them in a matter of minutes and then are packaged and sent to the store. Coca-Cola in Atlanta, GA manufactures diet coke. The process in which they go about it is hard to find. But like most manufacturing companies, they start by mixing all the ingredients together, package and ship. One of the benefits of a global market would be more specialization. Global markets would be able to use the best products and services from qualified parts of the world at a decreased cost. With more specialized products on the market; the consumer would have more options and ch oices at their disposal. In short term and long term will result in greater products for the consumer and it would be less expensive for the businesses.

College Is Going Through Changes - 972 Words

Today college is going through changes. The economic instability throughout the countries, parents have pondered the questions, is college a good investment for my child. There is a great debate throughout the country regarding college education. Some people argue that college is not for all students and most students will not benefit in going to college. From grade school to high school students are being prepared in attending college. Teachers and academic counselors tell students that in order to be successful in life that a person must obtain a higher education. Everyone has different opinions regarding if college is for every student, but with today’s technologies and the high demands of new jobs, there is one main question that needs to be answered. Does college still matters? Andrew Delbanco, a professor at Columbia University, wrote an essay regarding the question; does college still matters. Many students attend college to develop marketable skills in the wor kplace. 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Financial Benefits of Traffic Management Case Study of Haringey Council Free Essays

string(37) " of the bond issue \(HKS, Undated\)\." Introduction Haringey council is a public sector organisation that is involved in financing many local projects. This paper aims at providing a literature review on the financial benefits of traffic management focusing on the case study of Haringey Council. The literature review focuses on 3 main areas including financing for public sector organisations, financing for local councils and financing in the Parking Department. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Benefits of Traffic Management: Case Study of Haringey Council or any similar topic only for you Order Now Public Sector Financing The government is responsible for collecting tax revenues as well as allocating these revenues to suitable projects such payment of wages to employees, road and railway construction and maintenance, education, health, and defence. The government must provide such projects because left to the private sector alone, these projects will not be provided efficiently. Governments not only raise money from taxes. Some governments find it difficult to cover all its expenditure with tax revenue. Under such circumstances, the government is obliged to borrow either internally through the issue of bonds or externally from other countries. The government is therefore accountable to its citizens on its sources and uses of funds. In order to effectively serve the public, the public sector in many countries is decentralised. Most public goods and services are delivered by local councils. Local councils are responsible for collecting local taxes are delivering local projects to the citizens. For examp le in the United Kingdom, the council is responsible for many delivering many goods and services to citizens within its territory. As a result of the inefficiencies that may result if all goods and services are offered by the private sector, the public sector has emerged as a very important sector of the economy. The public sector is made up of a number of organisations known as public sector organisations. These organisations are responsible for responding to the needs of society that cannot be provided by the private sector. Public sector organisations differ from private sector organisations in a variety of ways at both the functional and organisational levels. Public sector organisations also differ from private sector organisations in terms of their specific objectives, policies, objectives, target products and services. Public sector organisations are particularly interested in achieving social objectives as opposed to private sector organisations which focus on commercial goals (Ramos et al., 2007). Private sector organisations are interested in making profit and creating value for the owners or sharehold ers. As a result, private sector organisations measure their performance using finance. Public sector organisations on the other hand do not focus on making profit. In addition, they do not measure performance solely on financial grounds. Like private sector bodies, public sector organisations have a number of stakeholders with a number of expectations from the organisation (Goodwin, 2000; Ramos et al., 2007). Major stakeholders of the public sector include taxpayers, trade unions, customers, government ministries, social responsibility interest groups, trade unions, trading funds and public corporations (Pollitt, 2000; Ramos et al., 2007) A key difference between the two sectors is the mode in which in sector is financed. Unlike the private sector which relies on debt and equity sources of funding, the main source of funding for the public sector is taxation. This has led to the concept of public finance. Public finance is defined as the financing of goods and services provides by the national and local government through taxation and other means. In other words it is the means by which public sector organisations raise finance for proposed projects and other expenses. In the United States for example, Financing takes the form of debt and can be general obligation bond or revenue bond (HKS, Undated). General obligation bonds are bonds that are issued by government agencies. These are backed by the full faith and credit and taxing authority of the issuer/borrower. General obligation bonds therefore enable the taxing authority to raise necessary funds in anticipation that taxes will cover the repayment of those funds. R evenue bonds on the other hand are backed by the revenue to be generated from the project that is being funded through the bonds (HKS, Undated). These bonds are issued for the financing of special projects including transportation and airport projects. A variety of entities and organisations are involved in the bond issuing process and thus in the financing of public sector entities. These include issuers, investment banks, rating agencies, financial advisors to municipal bond issuers, bond insurers, public fund investment managers and advisors, and investors. In the United State, issuers include Federal, State, local and other agencies and entities including special purpose entities. Investment banks are responsible for helping public sector organisations to raise money. This group include large investment firms such as JP Morgan, Goldman Sachs, Citi Group, Morgan Stanley, Morgan Keegan, and Siebert Brandford Shank and Co (HKS, Undated). Credit rating agencies are responsible for providing ratings to the bonds issued by public sector entities. Popular rating agencies in the United States include Standard Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch. The objective of financial advisors to municipal bond issuers is to provide local auth orities with advice on how to raise capital, manage their entities effectively and invest assets in an effective and efficient manner. A typical example of a financial advisor in the United States is Assured Guaranty Corp. Bond insurers are responsible for insuring the bond issues. Public fund investment advisors may be hired by municipal authorities to manage the proceeds of the bond offering until they are needed for the intended purpose. Public fund advisors may also be hired to manage the revenues collected throughout the year from projects funded by the bond issue until they are spent. Investors are the entities that purchase municipal bonds. These include retail and institutional investors such as insurance companies and pension funds. Other organisations involved in the financing of public sector organisations include lawyers who may be required to provide legal advice to issuers on the legal issues related to a transaction as well as the structuring of the bond issue (HKS, Undated). You read "Financial Benefits of Traffic Management: Case Study of Haringey Council" in category "Essay examples" A number of studies have investigated how public sector organisations across different parts of the world are financed. For example, Tang et al. (2012) introduce and formulate a carbon revenue bond a financing tool that can be used as a complement to environmental credit markets to encourage investment in renewable energy. The study provides evidence that the issuing of a carbon revenue bond with a 10-year maturity can fund a significant portion of the initial outlay of a project (Tang et al., 2012). Financing For Local Government Local governments are responsible for providing public services at the local level. In order to effectively provide these goods and services, local governments must be able to generate revenue. According to the decentralisation theorem suggested by Oates (1972) â€Å"local governments should provide services to identifiable recipients up to the point where the value placed on the last (marginal) amount of services for which recipients are willing to pay is equal to the benefits they receive†. The practical implication of the above theorem is that local authorities must have some authority to exercise â€Å"own-source† taxation to be able to meet the marginal costs of providing local goods and services (Yilmaz et al., 2008). Local governments are assumed to be more accountable to citizens when relying on their own tax bases and less accountable when the pleasure of spending is separated from the difficulties associated with generating revenue through taxation (Bahl and Schroeder 1983). The foregoing suggests that, if the central government is responsible for generating tax revenue on behalf of the local government and providing them with grants and subsidies to cover expenditure for the provision of local services, local governments will be less cautious when spending, since they have no knowledge on the difficulties associated with collecting taxes. Allowing them to collect taxes themselves puts them under immense pressure to make good use of the revenue collected. The above suggests that local governments need to be financed through local taxation. Despite the above proposition, local governments across different countries are financed through both local taxes and central government grants and subsidies. For example, in Ireland for example, a significant portion of local government expenditure is financed by grants from the central government (Indecon International Economic, 2005). The local authorities have limited discretion, insufficient revenue buoyancy and an inequitable financing system (Indecon International Economic, 2005). Furthermore, the situation appears to have worsened since 1996 given that central government’s contribution to local government expenditure has increased since 1996. A similar situation is apparent in the Republic of Ireland. Local councils generated only 58% of the revenue in 2012 from business rates and as well as from goods and services. The remaining 42% was contributed by the central government grants and subsidies. Although a significant amount of capital expenditure comes from various government departments, local authorities also generate significant capital income from the growth in construction and the reform of the development contribution System (Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Goverment, 2012). The situation in Denmark is different where local governments finance more than 75% of their expenditures from local taxation (Lotz, 2005). In the United Kingdom in general, local government is financed through council tax, capital receipts, user charges, borrowing, interest charges and government grants (Adam et al., 2007). Local governments can only budget to pay for expenses such as wages and other day-to-day running costs from only a couple of these financing sources. Local governments are not allowed to sell assets or borrow out rightly to cover current spending. In addition, some of the central government grants are restricted only to capital expenditure (Adam et al., 2007). Financing in the Parking Department Empirical evidence of suggests that the council can benefit from management and delivery of many services. However, most studies have focused on different areas. One area that has been widely studied is curb parking. Some studies have examined how local councils can manage curb parking. For example, it has been argued that allowing motorists to park freely on the curb creates a classic commons problem (Shoup, 2003). As a result local governments tend to restrict parking on curb spaces to approximately 1 or 2 hour limits. Despite these restrictions, motorists tend not to respect the limits, making it difficult for their enforcement. Occupying all curb spaces increases turnover thus making it difficult for motorists to find a parking space. This means that drivers need to continue driving in order to locate a space that is being relinquished by a departing motorist. The higher the numbers of cars competing for curb parking spaces, the longer is the time taken to locate a space. Cruisin g therefore creates a moving queue of cars each waiting to locate a vacancy on the curb. However, it is difficult to distinguish between cruisers and cars that are actually going elsewhere. A number of studies have been conducted to determine the actual number of cars that are cruising. The first study was conducted by Simpson (1927 cited in Shoup, 2003) by measuring traffic by counting the number of cars as they repeatedly passed observation points at two locations in Detroit’s CBD from 14:00 to 18:00. The results suggest that 19 percent of cars passing through point one and 34 percent of cars passing through point two were in search of a vacancy on the curb. Cruising is considered a negative form of vehicle travel because it increases the amount of time travelled by the vehicle known as vehicle mile travel (VMT) without taking into account other travel time. VMT is referred to as searching for parking once motorists reach their destinations. Cars simply circle a particular block without going anywhere. Cruising is also capable of reducing travel to congested areas if potential visitors imagine that nobody is going there anymore because it is overcrowded (Shoup, 2003). Cruising therefore creates an impression of crowding which can in turn deter visitors who would otherwise be willing to pay a premium if they could park without cruising and as such limits patronage of the business that cheap curb parking is supposed to help. The foregoing suggests that low priced parking on the curb creates a classic commons problem. Empirical evidence suggests that approximately 8% and 7% of cars in congested traffic were cruising in search of curb parking and that the average cruising time ranged between 3 and 14 minutes. In order to eliminate cruising and thus reduce congestion, curb parking needs to be charged at market-clearing prices. This can result in approximately 5% and 8% of the total land rent in a city. Moreover, in some neighbourhoods, market clearing prices on the curb can provide more revenue to the local authority that the property tax that is being charged on the land (Shoup, 2003). Charging for curb parking is not meant to be a source of local government revenue (Shoup, 2003; Arnott and Rowse,1999). Charging for curb parking is meant to reduce the length of time that a particular car can use the curb. This is because if a single car uses the curb for a very long time it will result in a build-up of traffic. Charing for curb parking is therefore, barely a means of reducing cruising and thus traffic congestion during busy periods. The objective is to limit the occupancy rate to 85%. Therefore, once the occupancy rate is below 85%, curb parking should be free (Shoup, 2003). Once demand increases above this rate, curb parking is no longer a public good because it takes time to find a vacant space and the marginal cost of adding another user increases. Since curb parking is fixed in supply, an increase in demand must result to an increase in price to ensure that the occupancy rate is limited at 85% (Ellickson, 1973). Goodwin (2001) employs prices to manage the deman d of transportation by making a distinction between two policies. The first policy is to get the prices right when travel is undercharged and the second policy is to decide how much traffic is required and then make use of prices to achieve it. The second policy is achieved by setting the occupancy rate for curb parking (Goodwin, 2001). The right price is not chosen by the administration. Rather, the right price is determined by the right occupancy rate. Charging for curb parking also makes it possible for local councils to abandon time limits as a way of reducing congestion in the city. In another study, Shoup (2003) argues that argues based on the 19th-century reformer Henry George by arguing that land rent represents the most appropriate means of generating revenue for the government. Despite the importance of traffic management, there is apparently no literature investigating its potential financial benefits to the society. A study commissioned by the OECD (2007) provides some i nsights on how traffic management through the management of congestion can improve the functioning of urban cities. Congestion imposes a burden on urban travellers. By using effective land planning and appropriate levels of public transport services traffic congestion can be reduced. Reducing traffic congestion provides road users with reliable door-to-door trips. Less congestion facilitates the movement of people, goods and services from one place to another. This reduces the cost of delays thus resulting in overall financial benefits for the overall economy. Low congestion also benefits the council financially in that results in cost savings for the council (OECD, 2007). Litman (2012) in another study investigates how the improvement of parking management can benefit society. While the study does not provide a discussion of the direct financial benefits of parking management, the study provides insights which show that enormous financial benefits can be derived from effective park ing management. The study argues that developing a comprehensive parking management program that incorporates an appropriate combination of cost-effective strategies can usually reduce the amount of parking required at a destination by 20-40% thus providing economic and social benefits (Litman, 2012). The economic benefits can come from reduced congestion which ensures that people, goods and services can move freely from one place to another. In addition, this strategy increases the revenue that local authorities can collect from parking charges. Osborn (2003) focuses on the benefits of Parking Management. The study provides evidence that parking management can result in a wide range of benefits including meeting the economic needs of the community; meeting the financial needs of the developmemt community, supporting the transportation infrastructure and providing opportunities for better streetscape design (Osborn, 2003). Again, the study by Osborn (2003) suggests some potential be nefits of traffic management. However, the study fails to provide an in-depth analysis of the financial benefits. Traffic management is important for Haringey Council because it reduces traffic congestion, improves safety, and reduces environmental pollution. In order to effectively manage traffic, the Council consults with local residents to gain an understanding of their views prior to introduction new traffic rules (Haringey Councl, 2012) The Council also endeavours to publish formal notices regarding traffic measures in the press. Local residents are normally given a three week period to provide objections regarding the introduction of new measures (Haringey Councl, 2012). Once formal objections have been received, they are reviewed and schemes may be redesigned with further notices being published prior to implementation of a legally enforceable Traffic Order. Despite the importance of traffic management to Haringey Council, it can be observed that no study has been conducted to determine what the financial benefits of traffic management can be to Councils in General and to Haringey Council in particular. While some studies have attempted to study traffic management by local authorities, most of the studies have focused only on one aspect of traffic management – charging for curb parking and most of the studies have focused on cities in the United States with very limited attention given to cities in the United Kingdom. This study therefore aims at contributing to the literature in that it focuses on Haringey Council, which is based in the United Kingdom and considers a wider range of traffic management tools as discussed above. In particular the paper extends the literature by evaluating the parking financial strategy and objectives of Haringey council parking services. These issues have not been considered in previous studies despite their significance for traffic management strategic financial planning. In addition, the study focuses on understanding the financial outcomes achieved by parking services in Haringey council in relation to the income generated and investments made in parking projects. The paper also evaluates how financial analysis can promote the success of parking services. Finally, the study aims at making recommendations that will help Haringey council in particular and local authorities in general to improve their traffic management. Conclusions The objective of this paper was to provide a literature review on the financial benefits of traffic management using the case study of Haringey Council. The literature review focused on the financing of public sector organisations, financing of local authorities and traffic management at Haringey Council. With regards to financing public sector organisations, the literature review that public sector organisations are financed mainly through taxes and borrowing. Local authorities on their part are financed through local taxation, borrowing and central government grants and subsidies. With respect to traffic management at Haringey Council, the literature revealed that the Council has made significant investments in managing traffic so as to improve road safety and reduce traffic congestion. References Adam, S., Emmerson, C., Kenley, A. 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